欧美数据跨境流动监管立法的'大数据现象'及中国策略

摘要

[Purpose/Significance]The cross-border data flow has become the main channel for global trade and investment growth.With the development of new technology such as cloud computing and "big data", the security risk of cross-border data surges.Legislative regulation of cross-border data flow reflects the multiple demands for protecting the personal data, facilitating the law enforcement and safeguarding the national sovereignty.The US and the EU represent the two legislative paradigms for the global cross-border data flow supervision.Studying its cross-border data flow supervision legislation and conflict coordination in the "big data" environment has important reference significance to the development of the related legislations in China.[Method/Process] This research studies the "big data" phenomenon in cross-border data flow supervision legislation of EU and the US.On the basis of the investigation of practice development, it analyses the legislative control and anti-control measures, deeper national demand, interest game and the trend of legislation.[Result/Conclusion]Suggestions on how to improve the ability to deal with security cross-border data flow in China include improving the jurisdiction of cross-border data flow, establishing the law enforcement power, enhancing the operability of the law and strengthening international cooperation.%[目的/意义]数据跨境流动已成为全球贸易和投资增长的主要途径,但云计算、大数据等新技术的发展也使得跨境数据的安全风险骤增.数据跨境流动的立法监管折射出个人数据安全保护、执法便利提升和国家主权维护等多元诉求.美国和欧盟代表了全球数据跨境流动监管的两大立法范式,研究其在大数据环境下数据跨境流动监管的立法应对和冲突协调,对制定和完善我国相关立法具有重要的参考意义.[方法/过程]研究欧盟和美国数据跨境流动监管立法的"大数据现象",在考察实践发展基础上解析立法间的控制与反控制措施,剖析其所体现的深层次国家需求和利益博弈,研判立法趋势.[结果/结论]建议我国完善数据跨境流动的管辖权、确立执法权力、增强法律的可操作性并加强国际协作,提升我国跨境数据流动的安全应对能力.