宣告死亡与人寿保险的相关问题研究

摘要

Life insurance makes the insured life as insurance subject- matter, and is a kind of personal insurance business which takes life or death as accident insured （condition of policy proceeds settlement）. Thus, the definition of the insured＇ s death becomes the key of insurance contract performance. In legal meaning, the death of people can be classified into natural death and declaration death. Natural death means that the condition of person＇s body satisfies the medical standards about death, and it＇ s real and ex officio death. Declaration death means inferred or deduced death by law. If the insured is naturally dead, problems about life insurance can be easily solved. However, declaration death of the insured often causes legal disputes because of its complex legal effects, legal conditions and legal proceedings. Overviewing the insurance law and other regulations, there is no rules about declaration death of the insured, and customs are not formed yet. Therefore, writing an essay about the insured＇ s declaration death and life insurance is necessary.%人寿保险，是以被保险人的寿命作为保险标的，以被保险人的生存或死亡作为保险事故（即给付保险金的条件）的一种人身保险。因而，界定被保险人死亡就成为保险合同履行的关键。在法律意义上，人的死亡可以界分为自然死亡和宣告死亡。自然死亡，是指人的身体达到医学上的死亡标准的一种状态，即真实的、当然的死亡；宣告死亡，是法律上“拟制”或“推定”的死亡。被保险人自然死亡的人寿保险问题比较明确，而被保险人的宣告死亡问题，由于涉及宣告死亡的法律效力、法定条件和法定程序等问题，常会产生保险法律纠纷。综观我国保险法律法规相关规定，对被保险人宣告死亡情形的规定还暂付阙如，且保险业实践亦未形成行业惯例，故有必要成文对该问题进行阐释。