从道光二十四年诺们罕案件看《钦定藏内善后章程》

摘要

乾隆五十三年（1788）廓尔喀兴兵入侵后藏，五十六年（1791）第二次入侵，这战争暴露清朝治理西藏问题，因而乾隆五十七年（1792）颁布《钦定藏内善后章程》，此章程规定藏内诸事应统归驻藏大臣管理，由驻藏大臣整顿边防、吏治、财税各方面。%In 1788 Kurkha sent troops to invade Tibet proper ,and second invading again in 1791 ,that revealed the administration problem of Qing Dynasty in Tibet .Hence ,“Imperially Endorsed Regulations for the Restoration of Governance in Tibet”was enacted ,on which stipulated all inner administration of Ti-bet should be under supervising of Qing Imperial Residents in Tibet ,and who was in charge of every aspect of frontier military affairs ,administration of officials ,and taxation . In 1844 ,Nomonkhan was accused for taking bribes which exposed enforcement faults of“Imperial En-dorsed Regulation for Restoration of Governance Tibet” .Nomonkhan was in charge of commercial admin-istration for Dalai Lama .He expanded the authority and pocketed the commercial funds and farms of La-ma ,gathered all the fortune in his private Chu-Ching TempleHe never consulted with Qing Imperial Resi-dents in Tibeton official personnel ,connived his subordinates to extort Lama .Moreover ,he secretly gave trade permits to dealers ,so they could travel Tibet and frontiers of China for business .Qing Dynasty stripped off his Buddhisticcassockand cashiered his position in accordance of the sixth article of Lama regu-lation“Whenever Lamas had committed a crime ,first stripping their monk title” .Nomonkhanhad commit-ted great numbers of bribes ,Qing Dynasty just sent him to Heilongjiang (Amur River) instead ofdecapi-tated death in accordance of The Qing Codeon which an official embezzled over 1 000 taels should be sen-tenced to decapitated death .This case revealed the policy of Qing dynasty on Tibet religion is worth for further discussion .