库伦的买卖城可能建于雍正五年（1727）年，中俄签订《恰克图条约》后。当时，库伦买卖城做为囤积货物之地，以张家口的商号为总号，在库伦或恰克图设立分号。晋商与俄罗斯的贸易，19世纪茶叶贸易活络，最高贸易额曾达1500万卢布，每年有7万只骆驼往来于库伦与张家口之间。但1860年签订《中俄北京条约》，俄商到中国贸易以及西伯利亚铁路建成后，晋商的茶叶贸易急遽下降，少数商人维持与俄贸易，他们向俄国人购买鹿茸、皮张，然后向蒙古人购买羊只，转卖给俄商。资金雄厚的商号转而经营金融业或批发百货，如公合全、协和公、双舜全、兴隆魁等。同时，有商铺如林盛元、义合忠、天泰昌等从事农垦或砍伐木材活动。本文主要讨论清中叶以后买卖城商号的转变。%The Trade City of Kulum was probably built in 1727 ,after Kyakhta treaty was signed .At that time ,the Trade City of Kulum was set mainly for a place of stocking goods .With headquarter in Zhangjiakou ,many shops set up their branch offices in Kulum or Kyakhta .T he trading that Shanxi mer‐chants and Russian had was very active during nineteen the century .The peak trading amount once reached to 15 million rubles .There were seventy thousand camels going back and forth between Kulum and Zhangjiakou .After Sino‐Russian Treaty of Beijing was signed in 1860 ,Russian merchants came to China for trading and the Riyadh Siberian Railway completed ,and tea trading of Shanxi merchants dropped sharply .Only a few merchants kept the business with Russian traders .They brought antler ,hides from Russian ,then brought goats/sheep to sell to Russian .Some shops with strong capital turned to do finan‐cial business or wholesalers ,like Gong He Quan ,Xie He Gong ,Shuang Shun Quan ,Xing Long Kui ,etc . Meanwhile some carried on land reclamation and felling timers ,like Lin Shen Yuan ,Yi Ho Zhong ,Tien Tia Chang etc .This article mainly discussed the changing of those shops in Trade City after middle Qing Dynasty .
展开▼
