基于PSR模型的我国城市创业环境评价——以4个直辖市为例

摘要

This paper constructs urban entrepreneurial environment evaluation model based on the PSR ( pressure-state-re-sponse) model, adopts entropy weight method to calculate the weight of each index, takes four municipalities ( Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing) as the research objects, applies pressure index, state index, response index and the comprehensive in-dex to carry out comprehensive evaluation of the city entrepreneurial environment, and finally puts forward measures to optimize the entrepreneurial environment.Research shows about entrepreneurial environment the four municipalities ranked Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing, and since 2011 the urban entrepreneurial environment index has greatly improved, but the gap of urban en-trepreneurial environment between four municipalities increases. The pressure indexs of the four municipalities have little difference, and Tianjin develops the fastest.For state index, Beijing is the best, Chongqing is the worst, Shanghai and Tianjin are basically the same.For response index, Beijing is the best, Shanghai is the second, Tianjin is the third and Chongqing is the last, but four municipalities all show a rapid development trend.%本文基于PSR(压力——状态——响应)模型构建了城市创业环境评价模型,运用熵权法计算各指标权重,以中国4个直辖市北京、 天津、 上海、 重庆为对象,运用压力指数、 状态指数、 响应指数和综合指数对创业环境进行综合评价,并提出优化创业环境的举措.研究显示:我国四大直辖市的创业环境排名为北京、 上海、 天津和重庆,2012年以来各城市创业环境综合指数均有较大提升,城市之间创业环境差距有增大趋势;在压力指数上,4个直辖市整体相差不大,天津发展速度最快;在状态指数上,北京最好,重庆最差,上海和天津基本一致;在响应指数上,北京最好,上海次之,天津第3,重庆第4,4个直辖市均呈快速发展趋势.