Reverse logistics (e. g. product remanufacturing or recycling) practices can not only reduce the natural resources needed and the waste produced, but also help reduce the environmental burden. It is not unusual to see in practice the used-product collection activity contracted by a manufacturer to a third party, who is engaged only in the collection of the used products from the market. For example, in the automobile industry, used-product collection activities for the original equipment manufacturers are handled by some independent third parties. Recently, in the United States the "big three" auto manufacturers started to invest in joint research and remanufacturing partnerships with dismantling centers to benefit from their experiences and economics of scale. With the independent third parties joining the closed-loop supply chain, it becomes more difficult to study the closed-loop supply chain for of the increasing number supply chain members.rnIn the third-party collecting closed-loop supply chain, there are several channels structures including no strategic alliance, strategic alliance between the retailer and the manufacturer, strategic alliance between the retailer and the third-party and strategic alliance between the manufacturer and the third-party. In this research, the aim is to examine the effect of these channel structures on the performance of members in a third-party collecting closed-loop supply chain. First, this paper adopts the game theory to develop four models of closed-loop supply chain. Second, the optimal retail prices, wholesale prices, return rates and profits of these models are derived. Third, these four models are compared with each other. Fourth, the effect of system parameters on the performance of members is researched with numerical simulation and some new findings are revealed.rnThis study shows five interesting results. First, the retail price is the highest, the demand is the least and return rate is the lowest in the no strategic alliance channel structure among these four models. Second, the relationship among the three strategic alliance channel structures is relies on the price of the collecting products and the cost parameter of collecting effort. Third, comparing with the no strategic alliance channel structure, any two parties consisting of a strategic alliance can help increase profit for all parties in the third-party collecting closed-loop supply chain. Fourth, it is possible for any two parties to form a strategic alliance under certain conditions. Fifth, based on the numerical simulation, with the price of the collecting products increasing, the profits of supply chain in the no strategic alliance and the strategic alliance between the retailer and the manufacturer will first increase before starting to decrease.%研究了四种渠道结构对第三方负责回收闭环供应链的影响.分别建立了四种再制造闭环供应链模型,给出了这些模型的最优零售价格、批发价格、回收比例以及各方的最优利润,并对这四种模型进行了比较分析.研究发现回收方制定回收策略时需考虑回收品价格和回收努力成本的大小,闭环供应链中任意两方的战略联盟有利于另外一方利润的增加,而且,闭环供应链中的任意两方都有战略联盟的动机.
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