小浪底水库的合理运用对于延长水库寿命，确保黄河下游防洪减淤、长治久安，至关重要。本文基于与小浪底水库河谷地貌、水沙运动基本相似的三门峡水库潼关以下库段和下游河道数十年的基本资料，分析了水库造床及冲淤形态、水库拦粗排细和水库泄空、溯源冲刷的特点，以及溯源冲刷本身对黄河下游河道冲淤的影响。这些对于深化认识和科学制定小浪底水库拦沙后期的运用方式是非常重要的。%The Sanmenxia Reservoir was impounded in September 1960. Base on the field measured data from the reservoir, the mechanism of channel formation, the behaviors of transport for the coarse and fine sediment are depicted. During the past decades of operation, there were three times of integrated retrogres⁃sive erosion happened in the reservoir. It is found that although the retrogressive erosion can regain some parts of silted volume of the reservoir, but it would seriously aggravate the deposition in the Lower Yellow River. However, if the reservoir operation mode is improved and the collocation of the flow and sediment load released from the reservoir is reasonable, the deposition both in the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River would be mitigated. This is a quite important principle for planning the operation mode of the new-large reservoir,the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,in the future.
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