'较'的语法化

摘要

"较"的最初本义是"车箱", 先秦时便出现了"较"的动词用法.魏晋南北朝时期, "较"的名词用法减弱, 动词用法逐渐增多.在唐代, 动词"较"语法化为介词"较", 相当于"比";与此同时, "较"的语法化趋势增强, 虚化为副词"较", 有"略微""比较""稍微"等含义.介词"较"的产生原因是重新分析和使用频次的增加;副词"较"的产生原因是重新分析和句子中心位移."较"的介词、副词用法在唐代逐渐定型, 并沿用至今.%The original meaning of"Jiao"was"carriage".In the pre Qin period, there appeared the verb usage of"Jiao".In the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, the usage of"Jiao"as a noun was weakened, and verb usage gradually increased.In the Tang Dynasty, the verb"Jiao"was a grammaticalization of the preposition"Jiao", which was equivalent to"Bi".At the same time, the grammaticalization trend of"Jiao"was enhanced, and"Jiao"was used as an adverb with the meaning of"slightly", "Jiao"and"slightly".The reason for the preposition"Jiao"is the increase in the frequency of reanalysis and use;the reason for the Adverb"Jiao"is the reanalysis and sentence center shift.The usage of"Jiao"as prepositions and adverbs was gradually established in the Tang Dynasty.