汉代“戒敕”体式考述

摘要

During China’s Counter The style of the Han Dynasty imperial edicts of “J iechi ”can be divided into two types in accordance with the different objects:One is general “J iechi ”representing“J iechi state department ”which is issued to the local by the cronies closest to the Emperor such as the provincial governor,Silij iaowei and so on.Its purpose is to strengthen the central actual control to the local authority.Alternatively,it can be attributed to specific “J iechi ”according to the specific object.Its style is divided into three categories:The one to temporary appointment and appreciation,or commis-sioning somebody is short,concise and comprehensive.The one to teachings and admonition which is longer is filled with both emotion and reason,and it is often deeply rooted in the hearts of people.And the one to castigating which is the longest,and it richly embodies emperor's personality.%汉代“戒敕”体式，根据下达对象的不同，可分为两种情况：一种是通用戒敕，乃指“戒敕州部”而言，即令皇帝身边的刺史、司隶校尉等亲信直接将戒敕下达至地方，以加强中央对地方的实际操控权力。另一种情况则可归结为具体戒敕，即针对具体对象所下的戒敕。其体式大致分为三类：临时任命行赏、嘱咐交代的戒敕，篇幅短小，言简意赅；教诲训诫类戒敕，篇幅较长，往往情理相参，深入人心；敕责类戒敕，篇幅最长，并且极富皇帝的个性色彩。