石鼓书院：湖湘学派的重要基地∗

摘要

At the time of Southern Song Dynasty,the Neo-confucian was thoroughly blended with the acade-my culture,which opened up the integrated tradition of traditional college and academy.Yuelu Academy and Shigu Academy,two crucial roles in worldwide“three academies”,“four academies”and “five academies”,performed as the typical representatives of the integration in Hunan.During the period of Qianchun(1165 -1189),Record of Shigu Academy by Zhuxi aimed to provide a construction mode for the all the academies at the time,which was re-garded as one important symbol of the self-reliance and the self-improvement of Hunan culture.Shigu Academy was committed to redress the imperial common learning and implement the knowledge-advocating and religious preaching,in order to develop the ethos of Hunan culture.Shan Zhang,the principal of Shigu Academy taught with the knowledge of multiple schools,wrote the Analects of Confucius in Shigu Academy,while edited the Ex-planation of Shangshu,which extremely expanded the spectrum of Huxiang culture.During the war period of Song Dynasty,Shigu Academy was reconstructed with sufficient preparation for the war and the expansion of the estate, bearing the burden of cultural inheritance and undertaking the obligation as one important base for the thoughts of Huxiang culture.%南宋时期，理学家与书院深度相契，开创出书院与学术的一体化传统。位列天下“三书院”、“四书院”、“五书院”中的岳麓与石鼓，更是湖湘之学与书院一体化的典型代表。乾淳之际，朱子所作《石鼓书院记》意在为天下书院建设提供范式，实为湖湘文化自立自强的重要标志。石鼓书院在纠正科举俗学之余，倡导传道济民，开湖湘实学之风。山长讲学兼采诸家，辑成《石鼓论语问答》，刊刻《尚书全解》，扩大湖湘之学谱系。宋末石鼓于战火中重建，习武备战，扩充田产，担起乱世中传承文脉的重任，成为湖湘学派的重要基地。