国际联盟集体安全中的集体行动困境

摘要

国际联盟以集体安全思想为基础建立的安全保障机制具有集体行动的特征。其目的是为了提供国际秩序与安全保障这一公共物品，但是由于公共物品的非排他性，集体安全下的安全保障难以持久获得，这便形成了集体安全的困境。集体行动困境可以从组织结构、选择性激励和大国贡献等三种途径破解。然而国际联盟安全机制不仅未能在这三方面进行机制上的构建布置，反而由于其错误的安排，使国际联盟在维护安全与秩序方面屡屡失败，并最终解体。%The security mechanism which the League of Nations establishes based on collective security ideas has the characteristics of collective action. Its purpose is to provide the public goods of international order and security, but due to non - exclu- sive public goods, safty and security under collective security is difficult to obtain lasting, which will form the plight of collective security. Collective action dilemma can crack from the three ways of organizational structure, selective incentives, and great power contribution. However, the security mechanism of the League of Nations, not only cannot have mechanism construction layout in the three aspects, but because of the wrong arrangement, makes the International League often fail in maintaining security and order, and eventually disintegrate.