寓兵于民政策的经济与社会效能分析

摘要

In Chinese history, the typical examples of policies lodging soldiers in civilian are: Guanzhong' s "for the interior and mail order", Shangyan' s "organizing ordinary people to be in groups of five bands or ten", Caowei' s land hoarding, Nansun Dynasty' s militimen, Qing Dynasty' s militias and current militiman system in China. As far as overseas countries are concerned, the militiman system of ancient Rome, England, USA and Switzerland' s "people for all soliders" are highly effective. Implementing policy lodging soldiers in civilian can compress the numbers of standing armies, save military expending, supply logistics, support local economical development, share the enormous economical dividends in the long-term peaceful environment, maintain internal stablity, stengthen soliders and train people, establish a warrior ethos, develop back-up troops and resist forigen invasion, thus to realize the weak overcoming the strong, and distinguished economic and social effectiveness.%中国历史上，管仲“作内政而寄军令”、商鞅“令民为什伍”、曹魏屯田、南宋民兵、清朝团练和我国现行民兵制度，是寓兵于民政策的典型。就国外而言，古罗马、英国、美国的民兵制度和瑞士的“全民皆兵”制度卓有成效。实行寓兵于民政策能压缩常备军队、节省军费开支、供应后勤补给、支持地方经济发展、享受长期和平环境所带来的巨大经济红利、维持内部稳定、强兵练民、树立尚武风气、培养后备兵员、抵御外敌入侵、实现以弱胜强，经济与社会效能显著。