魏晋南北朝诗歌中的飞鸟意象探析

摘要

The self-consciousness of literature brought about the image of flying birds in the era of Wei, fin, North and South Dynasties（WJNSD） appearing to have different characteristics from that in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. The continuous wars between states led to varieties of misfortunes in that period, and poets expressed their inner feelings by borrowing the image of flying birds. These feelings involved the mournful sighs in Jian＇an literature, the heavy grievances in Zhengshi, the deep thought hidden in the serenity of Tao Yuanming＇s verse in Eastern Jin, the great expectations placed on the mountains and rivers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, even Baozhao＇s sadness for a transient life and Yuxin＇s sorrow for an eventful life. Therefore, it seems that the flying birds in the WJNSD were also miserable, because they were burdened with sentiments and flied heavily in that turbulent sky.%在魏晋南北朝时代，文学的自觉意识使这一时期的飞鸟意象出现了与先秦两汉不同的特点。战乱不断、国家分裂让这个时期充满了各种各样的不幸，诗人们借飞鸟意象抒发他们的内心情感：建安文坛的悲凉感慨，正史年间的沉重哀伤，东晋陶氏平淡宁静下隐藏着的深沉，南北朝寄于山水下的心意，以及鲍照之悲人生无常，庾信之悲身世坎坷。魏晋南北朝的飞鸟似乎也是不幸的，它们须承载着如此多的情感，在那个动荡的天空下沉重飞翔。