“肮脏”：企业家意义系统的个案研究

摘要

Dirt, which is culturally different, is annegative emotion evoking from cultural symbols.By i-dentifying the borders of different things, the classification system embodies social order, and those failing to fit social order evoke negative emotion.Based on interviewing and observing two entrepreneurs, by relating the meaning system to social structuring and psychology, this study employs anthropological classification theory to interpret how dirt represents entrepreneurs’ meaning system.Dirt represents disorder in China’ s market tran-sition:the politicization of market and the marketization of power, which makes enterpreneurs’ self-catego-rization suffer from emotional anxiety and moral discomfort, and the meaning system is fragmented.In order to rid dirt, entrepreneurs may either leave or recombine the environment.The latter can be achieved by demarca-ting officialdom and market or by introducing more people with fuzzy status into the blurring environment.%“肮脏”因文化而异，是分类系统中的文化符号在人们身上唤起的消极情感。分类系统通过符号指明不同事物间的边界，赋予人们一种社会秩序感，不符合社会秩序的事物引起消极情感，反之则引起积极情感。本文以两个农民出身的企业家为个案，基于访谈和观察收集的资料，将意义系统与社会结构过程和心理过程相联系，用符号人类学的分类理论阐释“肮脏”如何表征企业家的意义系统。个案研究表明，“肮脏”表征了中国市场经济转型过程中的无序：经验世界的角色分化产生了企业家的自我范畴化；市场经济在转型过程中出现市场权力化和权力市场化；自我范畴化的企业家在无序的经济环境中产生消极情感和道德不安。去除“肮脏”有两种途径：离开环境或重组环境；重组环境要么划分官场和市场的界限，要么引进更多身份模糊的事物。