太湖流域典型丘陵区分布式水文模拟

摘要

针对水文过程对降雨、土壤、植被、地形等参数的空间变化十分敏感且具有很强的时空变异性的特点,应用基于物理机制的分布式水文模型系统模拟太湖流域典型丘陵区的次降雨事件水文响应过程.该模型耦合了垂直方向的水流运动(土壤水、河道-地下水水量交换)与水平方向的水流运动(坡面流、河道汇流、地下水流)过程.在产流模块中分别采用了经验的SCS曲线数方法和具有物理机制的Green-Ampt方法.结果表明,模型能较好地模拟研究区域降雨事件的水文响应过程,Green-Ampt方法的模拟结果优于SCS曲线数方法的模拟结果.%Hydrological processes are sensitive to the spatial variation of hydrological parameters, including rainfall, soil, vegetation, and landforms in watersheds, and show significant spatial and temporal variation. According to these features, a distributed hydrological model based on physical mechanisms was used to simulate the hydrological response of the rainfall events in a typical hilly watershed in the Taihu Basin. The flow movements in the vertical direction (the soil water, and water exchange between channel water and ground water) and in the horizontal direction (the overland flow, concentrated flow of river channels, and groundwater flow) were coupled by the model. The SCS curve number method and the physical mechanism-based Green-Ampt method were applied in the runoff generation mode. The results show that the model can well simulate the hydrological response of the rainfall events in the study area and the Green-Ampt method has better simulation results than the SCS curve number method.