开封方言儿化韵的韵律形态学分析

摘要

开封方言儿化变韵现象丰富，都是与词缀语素合音的结果，具有代表性。将开封方言的变韵分为六大类，并在韵律形态学的框架内分别加以分析，提出变韵在底层词缀形式影响的基础上，同时受形态规则的约束。从变韵的生成过程来看，开封儿化韵受单音节双莫拉模板的限制，并通过一系列制约条件的互动，生成最终的语音形式。通过比较不同地方方言的变韵规则发现，可将变韵的词缀底层形式设定为一个弱化的卷舌词缀，在词缀凸显原则（AMP）和最大化原则（MP）约束下，向韵律模板映射。模板映射实际是底层特征受上级韵律单位认证的过程，不同类型的变韵是不同规则应用的结果。%There are abundant phenomena of variable rhyme in Kaifeng dialect suffixation and they are the re-sults of the combination of affixes and morphemes,which is very representative.The article divides the variation of Kaifeng dialect into six categories,and analyzes it in the framework of prosodic morphology.According to the article,the variable rhyme of Kaifeng dialect is based on the influence of the form of the bottom affix and is re-stricted by the rule of the form.From the generation process of change in rhyme,Kaifeng r-ending retroflexion is restricted by single syllable double Mora Template and generates the final form of speech through a series of interaction of constraints.By comparison,the bottom form of the affix can be set as a weakened retroflex suffix, and under the principle of affix prominence (AMP)and maximum principle (MP)constraints,mapping to prosody templates.The article points out that template mapping is actually a process in which the underlying characteristics are certified by the higher level prosodic units,and the different types of variable rhyme are the result of the application of different rules.