麦蛾茧蜂防治面粉仓库蛾类害虫幼虫的可行性

摘要

研究了麦蛾茧蜂在30℃和RH 75％条件下的发育历期、生存能力、寄生能力等生物学特性和其对不同材质包装袋和不同孔径的穿透能力,探讨了麦蛾茧蜂侵入面粉包装的风险.结果表明,在30℃和RH 75％条件下,以地中海粉螟幼虫为寄主的麦蛾茧蜂发育经历卵、幼虫、茧和成虫四个阶段,从卵到成虫的发育历期为12.57 d.在无寄主情况下,麦蛾茧蜂雌虫寿命为7.6±1.7d,雄虫寿命为5.6±1.4 d.以地中海粉螟末龄幼虫和印度谷蛾末龄幼虫为寄主时,麦蛾茧蜂雌虫寿命分别为18.8±5.3 d、15.8±4.8 d,平均产卵量为247.5±78.5粒、31.5±5.9粒,被麻痹的幼虫数量为100.6±29.7头、61.9±4.6头,被寄生的幼虫数量为70.3±20.4头、13.8±6.8头.麦蛾茧蜂雌虫在有寄主的情况时存活时间比无寄主延长8.2～11.2 d,以不同寄主幼虫为寄主时其产卵量、寄生量和麻痹量存在差异.麦蛾茧蜂难以穿透常见棉布袋、编织袋和覆膜编织袋等面粉包装袋,难以穿透小于0.6 mm的包装袋孔洞,不会对具有完好包装袋的面粉产生污染.因此,麦蛾茧蜂发育历期短,繁殖率高,存活时间长,产卵量大,且不能够穿透面粉包装袋,不会对包装内面粉污染,综合分析,在面粉仓库开展麦蛾茧蜂防治蛾类害虫幼虫是可行的.%Development period,survival and parasitism of H.hebetor on grain storage moth larvae,and the ability of H.hebetor to penetrate through different packaging materials and different diameters materials at 30 ℃ and RH 75％ were investigated in laboratory conditions.The flour pollution risk of H.hebetor to penetrate through different packaging materials was discussed.The results indicated that H.hebetor could complete the egg,larva,pupa and adult development stages on Ephestia kuehniella larvae.The egg-to-adult period of H.hebetor on E.kuehniella larvae was about 12.57 d at 30 ℃ and RH 75％.Survival time of H.hebetor females and males were 7.6± 1.7 d and 5.6± 1.4 d without hosts.H.hebetor had a long lifespan for 18.8± 5.3 d with E.kuehniella larvae as host,laid 247.5± 78.5 eggs,paralyzed 100.6± 29.7 larvae and parasitized 70.3± 20.4 larvae.H.hebetor also had a long lifespan for 15.8± 4.8 d with Plodia interpunctella larvae as hosts,laid 31.5± 5.9 eggs,paralyzed 61.9± 4.6 larvae and parasitized 13.8± 6.8 larvae.Survival time of H.hebetor with hosts was about 8.2-11.2 d longer than without hosts.There was significant difference between the amount of spawned egg,paralyzed larvae,parasitized larvae with different hosts.It is hard to penetrate the flour packaging or less 0.6 mm holes.Based on the short developmental duration,high fecundity,long survival time,H,hebetor showed potent application prospects.H.hebetor could not penetrate the flour packaging,and not pollute the flour.Therefore,it was feasible to carry out the biological control of H.hebetor in flour warehouses.