我国11省79地市储粮场所黑菌虫和小菌虫发生分布调查

摘要

黑菌虫和小菌虫是世界性分布的储粮害虫,也是我国大多数省份有分布记录的重要储粮害虫.近年来粮食流通频繁,其分布可能变化但缺乏报道,掌握其分布变化和发生情况对科学治理具有重要意义.在中国主要储粮生态区选择11个省份79个地市的粮库、大米加工厂、饲料加工厂、面粉加工厂和农户等561个单位进行现场采集取样调查.黑菌虫除辽宁省和山西省未被发现外,其余相关省份调查中均有黑菌虫被采集到.小菌虫除在原有记录的浙江、湖南、云南、广东、福建等省被采集外,新增加了湖北、河南、山东等省的采集记录.分别在湖北省的武汉、荆州、荆门、襄阳、黄冈5市,山东省的菏泽、日照、青岛、聊城、济南等7市,河南省17个调查地市中的周口、漯河、开封、焦作、郑州、信阳、驻马店7个地市新发现小菌虫分布记录.以往资料中曾显示有小菌虫记载的山西省和辽宁省(沈阳市),本次调查并未采集到.调查结果表明,黑菌虫和小菌虫在加工企业的发生比例明显大于粮库、农户及其他储粮场所.%Stored product insect,Alphitobius diaperinus and Alphitobius laevigatusare both cosmopolitanand common in many provinces in China.With the grain logistics andtrade development frequently,the distribution of the two kinds of insects should change greatly.There was little report about it in last several years.Knowing the distributionand occurrence of the insects should be beneficial to the scientific management.The on-site investigation on two kinds of insects was carried out in different grain enterprises located in seventy-nine prefecture-level cities of eleven provinces in China which was involved in 561 units included in grain depots,rice mills,feed mills,flour mills,farmer storageand grain markets.A.diaperinus was collected from all investigated provinces except for Liaoning and Shanxi Province.New record ofA.laevigatus distribution was gotten in Hubei,Henan,and Shandong Province.And the record of A.laevigatus collecting was repeated in other investigated provinces,such as Zhejiang,Hunan,Yunnan,Guangdong and Fujian Province.The new recordson prefecture-level citiesof A.laevigatuswere Wuhan,Jingzhou,Jingrnen,Xiangyang,Huanggang for Hubei Province,Heze,Qingdao,Liaocheng,Rizhao,Ji'nan for Shandong Province,Zhoukou,Luohe,Jiaozuo,and Zhengzhou,Kaifeng,Xinyang,Zhumadian for Henan Province,respectively.A.laevigatus was not collected in Shanxi and Liaoning Provinces in during this action,although there was the report of the insect distribution in the places.The results indicated that A.diaperinus and A.laevigatuswere was more easer collected in processing enterprises than in grain depots,farmer storage and other places.