“自今以来”的形成、发展及衰落

摘要

In Modern Chinese,“yilai(以来)”has only one usage,but in ancient Chinese,it does have two seemingly contradictory usages.The combination of“zi jin yi lai (自今以来)”is more common in the Qin and Han Dynasties and it has the internal consistency with the unconventional use of the displacement verb “lai”. That is to say,the realization of this usage is under the speaker’s psychological action of“self projection”. Due to the competition of the other members,the future point usage began to decline in the Six Dynasties period.%现代汉语中，“以来”仅有一种用法，而古代汉语中，“以来”却有两种看似对立的用法。“自今以来”这一组合在先秦两汉时期较为活跃，这一用法的形成跟位移动词“来”的非常规用法具有内在的一致性，是在说话人“自我投射”的心理操作下实现的。后来由于范畴内部其他成员的竞争，“以来”的将来指向用法在魏晋六朝时期开始走向衰落并逐渐消亡。