新型腐植酸尿素对玉米产量、养分积累及利用的影响

摘要

Abstract:In order to find out the effects of humic acid urea with different humic acid content on maize yield, biomass, nutrient accumulation and utilization in mountainous areas of Guizhou province, and screen out a new type of humic acid urea suitable for maize production in mountainous areas of Guizhou province, field experiment was conducted using maize variety Xidusenyu No.1.Under the same total input of N, P2O5and K2O, the effects of applying 1‰, 2‰, 3‰, 4‰, 5‰, and 6‰humic acid urea(humic acid contents were 1‰, 2‰, 3‰, 4‰, 5‰, 6‰, respectively, N 46％) on maize yield, nutrient accumulation and utilization were analyzed with ordinary urea as control.The results showed that compared with ordina-ry urea treatment, except 6‰humic acid urea treatment, the other 5 humic acid urea treatments significantly increased maize yield, among which 2‰humic acid urea treatment had the highest yield of 11.24t/ha with the increase of 14.34％.The total dry weight of the above-ground parts of the plants treated with 6 kinds of humic acid urea increased significantly, and the highest was 371.33 g/plant treated by2‰humic acid urea.The accumulation of nitrogen was significantly increased after applying 1‰, 2‰, 4‰, and 6‰humic acid urea.The accumulation of phosphorus was significantly increased after applying1‰, 2‰, 3‰, 4‰and 5‰humic acid urea.Among them, the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants treated with 2‰humic acid urea was the highest, which were 171.50 kg/ha and 122.95 kg/ha, respectively.2‰humic acid urea showed the highest nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency, partial nitrogen productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency, which were 27.20％, 95.28 kg/kg, 62.46 kg/kg, and 13.26 kg/kg, respectively.In summary, 2‰humic acid urea is optimal for maize production in Guizhou mountainous area.%为了探明不同腐植酸含量尿素对贵州地区玉米产量、生物量、养分积累和利用的影响,筛选出适合贵州山地玉米生产的新型腐植酸尿素,以玉米品种西都森玉1号为试验材料进行大田试验,在N、P2O5、K2O总投入量相同的条件下,以施用普通尿素为对照,分析施用1‰、2‰、3‰、4‰、5‰、6‰腐植酸尿素(腐植酸含量分别为1‰、2‰、3‰、4‰、5‰、6‰,N 46％)对玉米产量、养分积累及利用的影响.结果表明,相对于普通尿素处理,除6‰腐植酸尿素处理外,其他5种含量的腐植酸尿素处理均显著增加玉米产量,其中以2‰腐植酸尿素处理产量最高,为11.24 t/hm2,增产率为14.34％;6种腐植酸尿素处理的植株地上部总干质量均显著增加,其中以2‰腐植酸尿素处理最高,为371.33 g/株;施用1‰、2‰、4‰、6‰腐植酸尿素显著增加植株对氮的积累,施用1‰、2‰、3‰、4‰、5‰腐植酸尿素后显著增加植株对磷的积累,其中,以2‰腐植酸尿素处理植株对氮、磷的积累量最高,分别为171.50 kg/hm2和122.95 kg/hm2;施用2‰腐植酸尿素处理的玉米氮肥利用率、氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率最高,分别为27.20％、95.28 kg/kg、62.46 kg/kg和13.26 kg/kg.综上所述,在贵州地区玉米生产中适宜推广使用2‰腐植酸尿素.