利用木霉菌防治草坪镰刀枯萎病研究

摘要

为了筛选防治草坪镰刀枯萎病的木霉菌株,采用平板对峙法、盆栽试验、田间试验研究了木霉菌对草坪镰刀枯萎病的拮抗作用及其机制.结果表明,从草坪禾草根际分离获得木霉菌株150株,通过平板对峙法筛选获得20株对草坪镰刀枯萎病有明显拮抗作用的菌株.通过盆栽试验测定,获得8株能显著降低病害发生率和病情指数的菌株.在2008年和2009年2 a的田间试验中,筛选到对草坪病害有良好防效的木霉菌株T12.体外拮抗试验显示,木霉菌株T12对引起草坪镰刀枯萎病的尖孢镰刀菌具有良好的拮抗活性.菌株T12的拮抗机制主要为生长竞争、重寄生及产生代谢物质等.木霉菌制剂被认为是化学农药的理想代替产品,它的应用为草坪病害的防治提供了另一条有效防控途径.%Twenty strains with obvious antagonistic effect against F.oxysporum were screened from 150 Trichoderma strains isolated from turfgrass rhizosphere.By a pot experiment,eight strains could reduce the incidence and severity of the disease.In the field test in 2008-2009,the strain T12 with strong antagonistic effect against F.oxysporum was screened.The examination of antagonistic mechanism revealed competitive effect,parasitic effect,and production of metabolite.The preparation of Trichoderma can be used as a substitute for some chemicals.Using the preparation to control turfgrass diseases provides a technical safeguard.