不同石榴品种的花粉量和花粉生活力比较

摘要

以13个石榴品种为试材,测定不同石榴品种的花瓣数、花药数、单花药花粉量及花粉的生活力,研究不同测定方法、贮藏温度对花粉生活力的影响。结果表明：不同石榴品种花朵各指标间无明显相关性；石榴花粉在含有100、200、300 g/L蔗糖的培养基中萌发能力不同,300 g/L蔗糖质量浓度下萌发率最高；悬滴液发芽法测得的花粉生活力值较联苯胺染色法低,采用悬滴液发芽法测定13个品种花粉萌发率为32.2%~98.6%,其中,峄城软籽、大红甜、新疆大籽花粉萌发率高,分别为98.6%、92.9%、92.0%,采用联苯胺染色法测得多个品种花粉染色率达100%；所有供试石榴品种花粉生活力室温贮藏5 d后全部失活,4℃条件可有效延长石榴花粉贮藏时间至20 d。%The number of petals, anther, pollen per anther and pollen viability of 13 pomegranate varie-ties were tested under the conditions of different sucrose concentration and normal temperature and cold storage by different determination method. The results showed that there was no obvious correlation in pomegranate flowers index among the pomegranate varieties. The pollen had different germination rate in medium containing 100,200,300 g/L sucrose,and the germination rate was highest in the medium contai-ning 300 g/L sucrose. The pollen geimination rate of 13 pomegranate varieties was 32. 2%—98. 6% de-termined by suspended drip germination method,which was lower than that by benzidine staining method. Yicheng soft seeds,Bright red sweet and Xinjiang big seeds had higher germination rate with 98. 6%, 92. 9%,92. 0% determined by suspended drip germination method,and the germination rates of many pomegranate varieties were 100% determined by the method of benzidine staining. And the pollen could be maintaind only five days at room temperature,20 days under 4 ℃ refrigeration.