6种药剂对田间小菜蛾的防治效果及其安全性评价

摘要

In order to select pesticides of high efficiency,low toxicity and safety to control Plutella xylostella,indoor toxicity test,field trial and safety evaluation were conducted successively on 6 kinds of pesticides.The results of indoor toxicity test showed that the virulence of 20％ Chlorantraniliprole suspension was the strongest after 72 h,of which 50％ lethal concentration(LCs0) was 0.584 2 mg/L.10％ Si Ltü Chong Xian'an suspension (SYP-9080) and 10％ Chlorfenapyr suspension were next,and their LC50 were 0.792 3 mg/L and 1.621 3 mg/L respectively.1％ Emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate(EC) had the weakest virulence,of which the LC50 was 3.508 2 mg/L.The experiment in the field showed that 20％ Chlorantraniliprole suspension was the best in all treatments.Its control effect reached 84.4％ one day after applied,and 96.2％ after seven days.Compared with the other pesticides,20％ Chlorantraniliprole suspension was superior,characterized by quick onset,low residues,long duration and safety.SYP-9080 and 10％ Chlorfenapyr suspension were followed.Their control effects reached 77.8％ and 71.2％ respectively one day after applied,then 87.3％ and 87.9％ respectively after seven days.20％ Emamectin benzoate hydrazide EC and 5％ Fipronil suspension were next,whose control effects reached 65.1％ and 64.3％ respectively one day after applied,and 77.1％ and 75.0％ after seven days.1％ Emamectin benzoate EC was the worst.Its control effect was only 56.3％ one day after applied,and dropped to 42.5％ after seven days.During the test period,all the pesticides were safe to crop.So it is believed that 20％ Chlorantraniliprole suspension,SYP-9080,10％ Chlorfenapyr suspension,20％ Emamectin benzoate hydrazide EC and 5％ Fipronil suspension are all suitable for widely use in pollution-free vegetable production bases.%为筛选防治小菜蛾的高效、低毒、安全农药,利用6种药剂对小菜蛾进行室内毒力测定、田间药效试验,并对其安全性进行评价.室内毒力测定结果表明:药后72 h,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对小菜蛾的毒力最高,致死中质量浓度(LC50)为0.584 2 mg/L;其次是10％四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂和10％虫螨腈悬浮剂,LC50分别为0.792 3 mg/L和1.621 3 mg/L;1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油毒力最低,LC50为3.508 2 mg/L.田间药效试验结果表明:20％氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂防效最好,施药后1d防效达到84.4％,施药后7d防效达到96.2％,均显著优于其他药剂,具有防效快、残留低、持效期长、对作物安全等特点;其次为10％四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂和10％虫螨腈悬浮剂,施药后1d防效分别达到77.8％和71.2％.施药后7d防效分别达到87.3％和87.9％;再次为20％甲维盐虫酰肼乳油和5％氟虫氰悬浮剂,施药后1d防效分别为65.1％和64.3％,施药后7d防效分别为77.1％和75.0％;防效最差的是1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油,施药后1d防效为56.3％,施药后7d降至42.5％;试验期间,各供试药剂对作物均安全.因此认为,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、10％四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂、10％虫螨晴悬浮剂、20％甲维盐虫酰肼乳油、5％氟虫氰悬浮剂适宜在无公害蔬菜生产基地推广使用.