起垄方向和保护性耕作对山地烟田土壤肥力及烟叶品质的影响

摘要

Field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of ridging direction and conservation tillage on yield and quality of flue-tobacco in Shizhu,Chongqing mountains area in 2014.The differences of soil fertility and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco among the six treatments were studied.The treatments were:T1 (longitudinal ridge,no cover),T2 (longitudinal ridge,corn straw was covered in interrow),T3 (longitudinal ridge,Lolium multiflorum Lam was covered in inter-row),T4 (contour ridge,no cover),T5 (contour ridge,corn straw was covered in inter-row),T6 (contour ridge,Lolium multiflorum Lam was covered in inter-row).The results showed that conservation tillage could improve soil fertility,and contour ridge was superior to the longitudinal ridge,in which T5 was the best.In addition to the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and sugar alkali ratio,the rest of the conventional chemical components of tobacco leaves all conformed to the standard of high quality tobacco leaves.The contents of petroleum ether extracts,neutral aroma constituents,yield and output value of T5 treatment reached the highest with 9.93％,997.43 μg/g,2 246.40 kg/ha and 40 055.55 RMB/ha respectively.On the whole,T5 treatment was the best on improving soil fertility and the quality of mountain flue-cured tobacco.%为探究起垄方向和保护性耕作措施对山地烤烟产质量的影响,于2014年在重庆市石柱县开展大田试验,研究处理T1(沿着坡度起垄,垄间无覆盖,作对照)、T2(沿着坡度起垄,垄间覆盖玉米秸秆)、T3(沿着坡度起垄,垄间覆盖黑麦苹)、T4(等高线起垄,垄间无覆盖,作对照)、T5(等高线起垄,垄间覆盖玉米秸秆)、T6(等高线起垄,垄间覆盖黑麦草)6个处理间土壤肥力和烤烟产质量的差异.结果表明:保护性耕作能够提高土壤肥力,等高线起垄优于顺坡起垄,其中等高线起垄且垄间覆盖物为玉米秸秆效果最佳.各处理除总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比外,其他常规化学成分大体均在优质烟叶范围内.处理T5中部叶石油醚提取物、中性致香物质含量以及产量、产值均达到最高,分别为9.93％、997.43 μg/g、2 246.34 kg/hm2、40 055.55元/hm2.总体上,等高线起垄且垄间覆盖物为玉米秸秆对改善山地烟田土壤肥力和烟叶质量的效果最佳.