牛粪堆肥高温期氨氧化古菌与氨氧化细菌的多样性分析

摘要

The transmutation and loss of nitrogen materials were effected significantly by ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms during the composting process. In order to detect the diversity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea (AOA)and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB),the monooxygenase gene (amoA)was used to analyze as the tag at high-temperature phase during the livestock manure composting process. The results showed that Nitrosomonas genus and Nitrosospira genus were the dominant genus of AOB,and the amount of clones accounted for 59.3% and 40.7% among the clone library at the high-temperature period,respectively,and the amount of Nitrosomonas was more dominant than that of the Nitrosospira. For communities of AOA,the amount of AOA resulting from soil were greatly more than that of AOA resulting from sea. The ratio of clones of soil AOA was 94.2%,but the ratio of sea AOA accounted for only 5.8%among all of AOA clones.%堆肥化过程中，氨氧化微生物对堆肥原料的氮素转化和氮损失影响重大。为了分析牛粪堆肥高温期微生物的多样性，研究以氨单加氧酶基因（amoA）为标记，分析了牛粪堆肥高温阶段氨氧化古菌（Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea，AOA）和氨氧化细菌（Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria，AOB）菌群多样性。结果表明，在AOB类群中，亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomonas）和亚硝化螺菌属（Nitrosospira）克隆子数量分别占整个克隆文库的59.3%和40.7%，它们是堆肥高温期的优势氨氧化细菌，但是Nitrosomonas的数量比Nitrosospira更占优势。在AOA群落中，soil/sediment菌群占据绝对数量优势，其克隆子数量占AOA文库的94.2%，sea/sediment菌群仅占5.8%。