晚清中国政府实施“联俄制日”外交决策原因探究——以对外政策分析理论为视角

摘要

In the Opium War,worships and cannons broke into China and it also made the change of Qing government foreign policies.During the late Qing Dynasty＇s foreign communication,Li Hongzhang put forward alliance to invade.After the Jia-Wu war,lots of officers noticed cooperating Russia could resist Japanese invasion.Finally,Qing Dynasty and Russia set up the alliance to resist Japan.This strategy was called overcoming foreigners by foreigners Policy,which is the most important foreign policy in the late Qing dynasty.In the perspective of foreign policy analysis and taking the case of cooperating Russia to resist Japan as an instance,the reasons why Qing government implemented the policy of overcoming foreigners by foreigners were analyzed.%鸦片战争用坚船利炮打开了中国的大门,也促使晚清时期中国对外政策的转变。在清朝晚期对外交往的过程中,李鸿章提出以结盟手段限制列强对中国的入侵。甲午中日战争后,包括李鸿章在内的朝野上下都觉察到联合俄国可以制衡日本对中国的侵略,最终,李鸿章代表清朝政府与俄国建立了反对日本的军事同盟。这样的结盟手段被李鸿章称为＂以夷制夷＂,也是清朝后期中国最主要的对外政策。通过从对外政策分析的视角,以晚清中国政府联合俄国对抗日本这一事件为案例,从国内、国际、民族文化特性、政权结构、统治者的个性等方面,探寻晚清中国实施＂以夷制夷＂对外政策的原因。