留苗密度与施氮量对不同株型谷子生长发育及产量的影响

摘要

In order to explore the suitable density and nitrogen fertilization rate of Bao 213 and Jigu 14,split block experimental design was set with the densities(52.5,60.0,67.5 and 75.0 plants/m2),nitrogen fertilization rates(0.0,4.5,9.0,13.5 and 18.0 g/m2),the effects of different treatments on yield and physiological characteristics of Bao213 and Jigu 14 were compared.The results showed that the yield and physiological characteristics of Bao 213 were significantly better than those of Jigu 14 in each treatment.There was no significant difference among different nitrogen fertilization rate on the Bao 213 and Jigu 14 in the experiment range,and 9.0-13.5 g/m2 nitrogen fertilization rate could meet the high yield demand.There was significant difference among different densities on Bao 213 and Jigu 14 in the experiment range,the yield of Jigu 14 was highest at the density of 67.5 plants/m2,while the yield of Bao 213 was highest at the density of 52.5 plants/m2.Compared with loose type Jigu 14,the tight type Bao 213 had strong lodging-resistance ability,and which was more suitble for high yields in the high-fertilizer and high-density conditions.There was important theoretical and practical significance to guide the high quality and high yield cultivation of millet.%为研究不同株型优质高产谷子品种保213和济谷14的适宜留苗密度和施氮量,2010～2011年在保定市农业科学研究所试验基地进行了留苗密度（52.5、60.0、67.5和75株/m2）和氮肥施用量（0.0、4.5、9.0、13.5和18 g/m2）的裂区试验,系统比较了不同处理对保213和济谷14产量和生理性状的影响。结果表明：不同处理保213的产量和各生理指标显著优于济谷14。在试验条件范围内,不同施氮量处理对保213和济谷14产量影响不显著,施氮量为9.0～13.5 g/m2时可以满足高产需求;而不同密度处理对保213和济谷14产量有显著影响,其中济谷14在留苗密度为67.5株/m2时产量最高,而保213在留苗密度为52.5株/m2时产量最高。与松散型品种济谷14相比,紧凑型品种保213具有较强的抗倒伏性能,更适合在高肥、高密下获得高产。本研究对指导谷子优质高产栽培具有重要的理论和实践意义。