棉花光温敏核雄性不育系育性及其杂种优势研究

摘要

棉花光温敏核雄性不育系是从海陆杂种后代中发现的具有芽黄标记性状的新型核雄性不育系。为探明该新型不育系在不同温度和光照条件下的育性表现及其杂种优势表现，分别在石家庄和三亚进行试验，研究了不育系的育性变化及其杂交种的产量性状、抗病性、纤维品质和耐盐性。结果表明：棉花光温敏核雄性不育系在三亚种植可恢复育性且花粉量大，自交成铃率高，能够自然繁殖；在石家庄表现为雄性不育，没有花粉，自交成铃率为0，不育度100％，且配合力好，恢复源广阔，恢复能力强，可作为母本进行杂交制种；不育系杂交种F1代育性恢复好，花粉量大，全部能够自然成铃且杂种优势明显，其中，部分杂交种产量高、抗病性好、纤维品质优良、耐盐性强，表现出较强的杂种优势。%Cotton photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line ( P/TGMS) was a new type of genic male sterile lines with yellow bud as marker traits, it was derived from hybrid progeny of G.hirsutum and G.barbadense.The experiment was carried out in Shijiazhuang and Sanya for the fertile alteration characteristic of P/TGMS cotton and the main ecnomic characteristics of hybrids, such as yield, disease resistance, fiber quality, salt resistance in different thermo-photoperiod conditions.The results showed that P/TGMS cotton planted in Sanya could transfer their pollen fertility from completely sterile to fertile , produce abundant pollen to increase self-fertilization ratio for reproduce naturally.However it was completely sterile in Shijiazhuang , where the selfing cotton boll rate was 0, the sterile degree was 100%, which could be used as female parent in hybrid seed production of Shijiazhuang with good combining ability, wide sterile line restoring sources and obvious heterosis.The fertility in the F1 generation of sterile hybrids could be restored, and produce abundant pollen, boll naturally and show obvious heterosis.Some hybrid combination performed high yield, better disease resistance, good fiber quality and strong salt resistance.