适当晚播对早熟棉邯901生育动态和产量的影响

摘要

以邯郸市农业科学院培育的早熟棉邯901为试验材料，在高密度（82500株／hm2）栽培条件下，研究了4月30日（正常春播）、5月5日、5月10日和5月15日不同播期处理对棉花生育动态和产量性状的影响。结果表明：晚播处理有助于降低株高，减少单株果枝数和单株铃数，但对单位面积总铃数、衣分和籽指影响不大；烂铃率随着播期的推迟呈逐渐降低趋势，其中5月15日播种烂铃率为0；5月5日播种的籽棉产量最高且显著＞其他播期处理，5月10日和15日播种的籽棉产量与4月30日播种相当。在黄河流域棉区采用早熟棉花品种，可适当推迟播期，并采取不覆膜、增加密度的种植方式，使棉花吐絮期避开雨季，减少烂铃，节省人力投入，增加棉田纯收益。本研究条件下，邯901的适宜播期为5月15日，该播期下无烂铃，且籽棉产量与4月30日播种相当。%Using early-maturing cotton Han 901 bred by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences as material, the growth trends and yield traits were studied under four planting dates of April 30 (normal spring sowing), May 5, May 10 and May 15 in the high density (82 500 plants/hm2) cultivation condition.The results showed that the cotton soweld properly late could reduce the plant height, the boll number per plant and the number of friut branch per plant, but the effects on total boll number per unit area, lint percentage and seed index were little.The boll rot rate was gradually decreased with the delay of sowing date, and the boll rot rate of cotton sowed on May 15 was zero.The seed yield of cotton sowed on May 5 was highest, which was significanly higher than that of others, and the seed yield under the sowing dates of May 10 and April 30 was equivalent.Thus, a new cropping patterns was proposed in Yellow River Region , planting early maturing cotton varieties by appropriately increasing planting density in late spring sowing date, which could increase the net income of the farmers.Under the condition of this study, tne suitable sowing date of Han 901 was May 15, under the condition, there was no boll rot and the seed yield was equivalent with that of sowed on April 30.