了解与掌握黄土高原区小流域生态环境状况的时空变化特征，对研究黄土高原区生态环境保护和防治具有重要作用。以山西省三川河流域为研究对象，依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 192—2006）中的评价体系，基于RS和GIS方法，获取了1990年、2000年、2010年的生态环境状况分布图，对三川河流域及其子流域21 a间生态环境的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：三川河流域的主要生态环境状况类型为良好和一般，21 a间研究区生态环境状况先明显变好后逐渐变差，整体上生态环境状况转好；生态环境状况一般和良好的地区位于流域的东北部（北川河和东川河子流域内）；海拔约1000 m、坡度跃20º的研究区域生态环境状况最差，也是生态环境保护和防治中应该重点关注的区域。%It is essential to grasp characteristics in variation of ecological environment of small watershed in the Loess Plateau for study of how to protect and cure the area’s ecological environment. This article takes Sanchuan River Catchment in Shanxi Province as study object, and derives three year ecological environment distribution diagrams,namely 1990,2000 and 2010 based on RS and GIS method in accor-dance with specific evaluation system of Ecological and Environmental Conditions Evaluation of Technical Specifications (Trial)(HJ/T 192-2006) . By analyzing characteristics of temporal and spatial variation in Sanchuan River Catchment and its sub-basin in these 21 years,we reach a conclusion indicating that the level of ecological and environmental conditions in this main field is assessed fine. Even though it firstly experienced significantly better condition then followed by gradual deterioration during this 21 years, in general,its ecological environmental conditions was changing better. In particular,northeast watershed that is the area within Beichuan and Dongchuan River sub-basin is where the relatively good ecological envi-ronmental conditions were shown. Meanwhile,by studying ecological environmental conditions with different environment backgrounds, we find that the worst ecological environmental conditions are located in areas with altitude约1 000 m, slope>20ozone. Therefore, this area is where we should focus on ecological envi-ronmental protection and cure.
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