城市道路GNSS脆弱性评估技术

摘要

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is now widely used in transportation,and the users have shown growing concerns with the service reliability of GNSS.However,due to the factors such as ionospheric scintillation,multi-path effect,and electromagnetic interference,GNSS has inherent vulnerability,which may damage the quality of GNSS service,and even cause enormous risks.Assessing GNSS vulnerability and releasing alarms to users when vulnerability factors happen are the valid way to consolidate GNSS utilization.To assess GNSS vulnerability under urban roads,this paper proposes three proper vulnerability assessment indexes and conducts vulnerability assessment by the utilization of entropy weight method.Road experiments showed that tunnel,urban canyon,avenue and open road are decreasingly vulnerable,and the algorithm proposed is capable of assessing GNSS vulnerability of urban roads.%全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)在交通领域应用广泛,其服务性能的可靠性受到交通用户日益增长的关注.但是,由于系统故障、电离层闪烁、多路径效应、电磁干扰等脆弱性因素的存在,GNSS存在固有脆弱性,它影响GNSS的服务性能,甚至给用户带来巨大风险.当GNSS服务性能受到脆弱性因素干扰时,评估GNSS脆弱性,并且为用户提供及时的脆弱性告警,可以有效降低脆弱性因素对用户服务性能的影响.为评估不同城市道路环境下的GNSS脆弱性,在现有GNSS脆弱性评估算法的基础上,针对城市道路环境的特点,提出了相应的GNSS交通应用脆弱性评估指标;并采用基于信息熵权的数据融合算法,计算导航场景距正负理想场景的距离,实现了多个导航场景的脆弱性评估.路测实验表明,隧道、城市峡谷、林荫道和开阔路段的脆弱性依次降低,该方法所选取的脆弱性评估指标和采用的脆弱性评估算法可满足城市道路GNSS脆弱性评估需求.