饮用水水质生物稳定性评价方法研究进展

摘要

Biostability plays an important role in keeping drinking water quality and safety. Methods of biostability assessment are reviewed, including main indicators, traditional analytical methods and emerging ones. Merits and demerits of different analytical methods are discussed respectively. Time⁃consuming and inaccurate, traditional methods are acknowledged to be inadequate in the evaluation of drinking water quality. Improved methods, e. g. assimilable organic carbon ( AOC ) , total cell concentration ( TCC ) , adenosine tri⁃phosphate ( ATP ) methods based on flow cytometry ( FCM) , are accurate, simple and economical, and thus have shown tremendous potential in water monitoring and engineering practice. Emerging molecular biological methods, e. g. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE ) and pyrosequencing, offer an insight into the changes of microbiology compositions in water treatments and distribution, and fundamentally reflect the biological stability of water quality.%饮用水生物稳定性评价对保障水质安全具有重要意义．本文概述了饮用水水质生物稳定性主要评价指标及其传统、新兴测定方法，并对比了不同评价手段的优缺点．传统的水质生物稳定性评价方法操作繁琐、周期长、再现性差，难以准确地反映水质稳定性．流式细胞术与分子生物学技术的应用促进了水质生物稳定性评价方法的发展．基于流式细胞术改进的AOC、TCC、ATP评价方法不仅操作简单、快速准确，而且较为经济，有望在水质监测和工程应用中推广．DGGE和焦磷酸测序等新兴分子生物学评价手段可以深入了解水处理及管网输配过程水环境中微生物组成变化，为从根本上探究水质生物稳定性指明了方向．