草原生态补偿关系的主体及其权利义务内涵--基于甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策的分析

摘要

The core of the Eco-Compensation concept is the Eco-Compensation subj ects and its relationship between rights and obligations.Grassland Eco-compensation subj ect category mainly in-volves two aspects of the subj ect problems,one is “compensation subj ect - payments subj ect”cate-gory,the other is a grassland Eco-Compensation policy enforcement subj ect.Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward Program in Tianzhu County,Gansu Province,as it is shown,grass-land Eco-Compensation is related to two key subj ects which are government and the herdsmen (Vil-lage).Based on “national - nomads”this pair of basic subj ect categories of rights and obligations re-lations is generated a general relationship between rights and obligations of the grassland ecological compensation.In the process of grassland Eco-compensation policies,different roles such as organi-zation and management subj ect,the main implementation body,the subj ects of supervision and evalu-ation,etc,between each other,or with the nomads,have concrete rights and obligations relation-ships.Based on this,it can be summarized the “positive externalization”for subj ect of Eco-compen-sation and its rights and obligations relations.%生态补偿概念的核心是生态补偿主体及其权利义务关系。草原生态补偿主要涉及两个层面的主体范畴：“补偿主体—受偿主体”范畴、草原生态补偿政策实施的主体范畴。甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策的实践表明，草原生态补偿主体是国家，受偿主体是牧民(村民)。基于“国家—牧民”这一对基本主体范畴产生的权利义务关系，是草原生态补偿的一般性权利义务关系。在草原生态补偿政策执行过程中，不同的主体如组织管理主体、主要实施主体、监管主体和评估主体等，彼此之间或者与牧民之间会产生具体的权利义务关系。基于此，可以初步归纳出“正外部性”生态补偿的主体及其权利义务关系。