滑坡涌浪对高桩码头船舶撞击力的影响

摘要

涌浪作为库岸滑坡的主要次生灾害，给库区码头、船舶以及水工建筑物带来巨大的安全隐患。高桩码头是目前三峡库区最为常见的码头结构形式之一，船舶撞击力对其在使用阶段的稳定性、安全性具有至关重要的影响。通过水槽模型试验，对滑坡涌浪作用下三峡库区系泊船舶与高桩码头间的撞击力进行研究。试验结果表明：系泊船舶对高桩码头的最大撞击力与涌浪初始波高、水体附加质量等参数有关，与水深无关；而用《港口工程荷载规范》计算得到的船舶撞击力与试验值相比偏小，不利于库区码头的设计安全。结合相关试验数据，提出滑坡涌浪影响下高桩码头船舶撞击力计算公式。%As the main secondary result of reservoir bank landslides, surges pose enormous potential risk to wharves, ships, and hydraulic structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir ( TGR) area. The high⁃pile wharf is cur⁃rently one of the most common wharf structures in TGR. Ship impact has a significant effect on the stability and safety of working wharves. Using flume model experiments, the landslide surge impact force between ships and wharves in the TGR was studied. The results show that the maximum impact force correlates to the height of the leading wave and the added water mass coefficient, but is not correlated to the water depth. The ship impact forces computed by the "Lode Code for Harbor Engineering" are smaller than the experimental values and therefore are unsuitable for safe wharf design. Combined with relevant experimental data, this paper proposes an equation for landslide surge impact force between ships and high⁃pile wharves.