核电平台的下沉过程分析及安全下沉时间计算

摘要

为了研究浮动核电平台因事故破损沉没而引出的安全下沉问题,需要计算下沉速度和时间以保证反应堆安全停堆.本文根据浮动平台下沉过程的特点,将其分为水面下沉和水下下沉两个阶段.根据稳性公式和伯努利方程,给出了水面下沉阶段下沉速度和时间的计算公式;依据潜艇下潜原理,由运动微分方程得到水下下潜阶段的下沉速度表达式.综合两个阶段,最终得到完整下沉过程的速度和时间的计算方法,并分析了下沉过程的影响因素.计算结果表明:破口位置和破口面积对水面下沉阶段的影响较大,而对水下下潜阶段影响较小;水面下沉阶段所用时间较水面下潜时间长,在此阶段应及时采取应急处理措施.%To investigate the safe sinking of an accident-damaged floating nuclear power platform , the sinking veloc-ity and time need to be calculated, as they ensure a safe shutdown of reactor.In this paper, according to the sink-ing characteristics of a floating platform , the sinking process is divided into two stages : sinking above water surface and sinking inside water.Using a stability formula and Bernoulli equation , the calculation formulas for the sinking velocity and time in the above-water sinking stage are obtained.According to the principle of submarine diving , the expression for diving velocity is derived from a differential equation of motion.By combining the two stages , the methods to calculate the velocity and time in the whole sinking process are finally obtained.In addition, the factors affecting the sinking process are analyzed.The calculation results show that the location and area of the damage have significant effect on the above-water sinking stage and little effect on the in-water sinking stage.Moreover, the sinking time of the above-water stage is longer than that of the in-water stage; therefore, emergency treatment meas-ures should be taken during the above-water stage.