Advance directives are legal declarations that allow people with free will to spell out his/her decisions of kinds of medical care he/she wants to have when he/she cannot speak for himself/herself.Based on the legal principle known as the informed consent established by Judge Cardozo, via case of Quinlan and Cruzan, advance directives have been approved by the federal and states legislation in the United States with positive social effects.This system has the jurisprudential foundation of the power of decision-making and it has compatible feature with legal interest of life.It is possible to be transplanted to China.%预设医疗指示是当事人在意志自由的前提下为其在意志丧失时所意欲接受的医疗方案作出的预先声明.从卡多佐法官确立的医疗活动尊重患者知情同意权原则,经由昆兰案和克鲁珊案的发展,预设医疗指示最终在美国联邦和各州获得法律认可,并取得了相对乐观的社会效应.该制度建立在自主权的基础上,且与法律所保护的生命法益相容,能为我国所借鉴.
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