晚清乌托邦小说创作中的域外小说影响与文类选择问题

摘要

There was once a short boom period of utopian novels in the late Qing Dynasty,for we can find the impact of western utopian novels and Japanese political novels,esp.Looking Backward,by com-paring those utopian novels with contemporaneous foreign fiction.In the then specific historical context, the “quasi-utopian”idea in Looking Back drew much attention in the intellectual circles of the late Qing Dynasty for it fit in with intellectuals’vehement eagerness for changing social reality,and thus its creation mode became the standard which had a decisive impact on the space-time structure and narrative modes of utopian novels in the late Qing Dynasty.However,literary concepts such as political novels,ideal novels and science fiction were mixed up due to the simultaneous and direct impact of Japanese political novels on utopian fiction of the late Qing Dynasty.%晚清乌托邦小说创作曾经出现过短暂的繁荣，将此阶段的乌托邦小说与当时的域外小说进行比较，便可发现晚清作家的这部分作品受到了西方乌托邦小说和日本政治小说的共同影响，其中又以《回顾》的影响最大。在列强环伺、国运衰微的特定历史语境中，《回顾》中的“拟乌托邦”思想由于切合了晚清知识分子急切渴望翻转现实的心态而在晚清知识界引起广泛关注，其创作模式更因此而成为一时圭臬，对晚清乌托邦小说的时空结构、叙述方式皆有决定性影响。而由于日本政治小说对晚清作家的直接影响亦同时发生，客观上便使得当时的政治小说、理想小说、科学小说等文类概念相互混杂。