非洲妇女在武装冲突中遭受性暴力的人权保护法律问题及对策

摘要

The issue that African women are suffering sexual violence in armed conflicts has attracted extensive concerns all around the world. The sexual violence may be divided into two main categories： accidental sexual as- sault and purposeful and systematic sexual assault. In international community, there still exit many legal problems for protecting African women from sexual violence in the armed conflicts. For example, the human rights law and humanitarian law worldwide fail to pay attention to the criminal actions of sexual violence. Therefore, it is necessary to take legislative and judicial policies worldwide to protect the African women in the armed conflicts.%非洲妇女在武装冲突中遭受性暴力侵害的问题日益引发全世界的广泛关注，该行为的实施主要表现为偶然发生及有目的、系统地实施两种类型。国际上在保护武装冲突中遭受性暴力的非洲妇女的人权方面还存在许多法律问题：立法上全球性的人权法与人道法公约缺乏对性暴力犯罪行为的应有关注，区域性的人权法公约缺乏针对性暴力犯罪的强制执行机制；司法上全球性与区域性层面的司法保护不力。因此，非洲妇女在武装冲突中遭受性暴力侵害的问题需要在国际立法、司法层面提出相应的对策加以解决。