基于突发事件生命周期理论视角的城市公交应急管理研究--以广州“7·15”公交纵火案为例

摘要

Public transportation is an important part of our daily life and economic development.Since 201 4, six bus burning incidentshave happened in China.These incidents show that safety of urban public transportation becomes one of the significant problems of the safety in modern city.According to the lifecycle of incident theory, a bus burning incident can be divided into Mitigation,Preparation,and Response and Recovery stages.This paper makes a detailed study on Guangzhou 7 ·1 5 Bus Burning Incident,analyzes the problems of MPRR of this incident and givesseveral suggestions to the urban public transportation emergency management.%城市公交系统载客量大、班次多、目标具体、线路固定等特点，存在多种安全风险隐患，而又以人为纵火（燃爆）事件最为显性。通过对近十年公交纵火（燃爆）类突发事件的特征和趋势进行梳理发现，城市公交纵火和燃爆事件并不鲜见。文章基于应急管理生命周期MPRR理论，以广州“7·15”公交纵火案作为典型案例进行剖析，从该事件的减缓、准备、响应和修复四个阶段对该事件主体、管理措施、风险因素等进行分析，并从应急管理的减缓和准备期的事前风险评估、隐患排查、加强外来人员及易燃易爆市场管理、开展人员培训和应急训练；应急响应期的及时应急响应和处置疏导以及修复期的积极引导及多渠道救济、完善问责及补偿机制等突发事件的发生演化过程等方面，提出加强城市公交应急治理的相关策略建议。