超弹性 SMA 丝力学性能试验及新型阻尼器设计

摘要

通过大量工况下的超弹性形状记忆合金丝循环拉伸试验，分析不同丝径、循环次数、加载速率、应变幅值、环境温度等因素对超弹性 SMA 应力应变曲线及各力学性能参数的影响，得出影响 SMA 超弹性性能的主要因素及变化规律。结果表明，应变幅值和加载速率是影响 SMA 耗能能力的主要因素，且经一定次数循环拉伸训练后 SMA 能具备稳定的耗能阻尼性能，是制作阻尼器用于结构振动控制的理想材料。基于应变幅值对 SMA 丝耗能效果的影响，文章设计了一种位移旋转放大型 SMA 阻尼器，能放大 SMA 丝的变形，增强其在结构小位移时的耗能效果。%Through super elastic shape memory alloy wire mechanical property test,considering different wire diameters,cycle times,loading rate,strain amplitude,the degree of pretension and temperature effect on me-chanical performance parameters of SMA,to research the main factors influencing the performances of SMA and the change regularity.Test results show that,SMA can have stable dissipative damping performance after a cer-tain number of cyclic tensile training.It is an ideal material to make damper and apply to the control of structure vibration.Considering the effects of strain amplitude on energy dissipation,a kind of displacement rotary large SMA damper was designed.It can enlarge the deformation of the SMA wire and enhance its energy dissipation in small displacement.