濒危植物合柱金莲木伴生群落特征

摘要

【目的】研究濒危植物合柱金莲木(Sinia rhodoleuca )的伴生群落特征,为该物种的保护提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法对合柱金莲木的5个分布点：广西融水(P1)、广西金秀(P2)、广西德保(P3)、广东封开(P4)和广东连山(P5)进行调查,分析其伴生群落的种类组成、区系成分、结构特征、物种多样性及其种群年龄结构。【结果】在2000 m2样地中共有维管束植物153种,隶属58科113属,主要优势科为樟科、壳斗科、紫金牛科、茜草科等。合柱金莲木伴生群落种子植物包含12个分布区类型,以泛热带分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲分布为主,热带成分占优势,温带成分所占比例较小。合柱金莲木伴生群落结构分层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,层间植物匮乏。与 P1、P2、P3样地相比,P4、P5样地生境破坏较小,Shannon 指数和Simpson 指数高。除 P5样地内的合柱金莲木种群为增长型外,其余样地的合柱金莲木种群均为衰退型。【结论】合柱金莲木伴生群落的组成种类丰富,科、属组成复杂,其区系特点具有明显的热带-亚热带性质；伴生群落物种多样性与生境破坏程度有关；合柱金莲木种群多呈衰退趋势,应对其加强保护。%Abstact:[Objective]To study the traits of concomitant communities characteristics of the en-dangered plant Sinia rhodoleuca ,and provide references for its conservation strategies.[Meth-ods]The floristic composition,structure,species diversity,and age structure of endangered plant Sinia rhodoleuca concomitant communities were studied based on community investigation in five locations (Rongshui (P1 ),Jinxiu (P2 )and De-bao (P3 ) county,Guangxi province;Fengkai (P4 ) and Lianshan (P5 ) county,Guangdong province).[Results ]There were 153 vascular plants belonging to 58 families and 1 13 genera in plots of 2000 m2 ,which dominated by the families of Lauraceae,Fagaceae,Myrsinaceae and Rubiaceae.The floristic composition can be divided into 12 areal types in the level of genera,the pantropic,old world tropics and tropic Asia elements were the dominant areal types,and 79.21% of the genera were the tropical el-ements,13.1% were the temperate elements.The structure of concomitant communities of the species Sinia rhodoleuca could be vertically divided into three layers:Tree,shrub and herb layer,and interlayer species were deficient.Compared to P1,P2 and P3 plots,the Shan-non index and Simpson index were higher in P4 and P5 plots because of their lighter habitat destruction.Analysis on the population age structure of Sinia rhodoleuca indicated that ex-cept for the P5 plot,a decline pattern was found in other four investigated plots.[Conclu-sion]The components of plant species were complex,and there was a obvious tropical and subtropical characteristic of the concomitant community.The species diversity of concomi-tant community was relevant to the destruction of the habitat.According to the decline tend-ency of the most populations,a enhanced protection through in situ and ex situ conservation should be adopted for the species Sinia rhodoleuca .