珠核规格、植核位置和贝龄对大珠母贝植核育珠的影响

摘要

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nucleus size, nucleus implantation location and age on round nucleated pearl production performances of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima. The result showed that there were significant differences in the survival, pearl formation and perfect quality pearl rates among the groups (P < 0.05). The survival rates during recovery and farming period were the highest, with the values of 90.0% and 80.0% for 5.0 mm nucleus implanted and the lowest were 60.3%and 68.0% for 8.0mm nucleus implanted. The pearl formation and perfect quality pearl rates were the highest, with the values of 84.0% and 38.0% for 6.0 mm nucleus implanted and the lowest were 43.3%and 12.0% for 8.0mm nucleus implanted, respectively. The survival rates, pearl formation and perfect quality pearl rates of host oysters were highest, with the values of 88.0%, 83.4% and 38.0% for the left-sac(in the left side of the gonad) implanted oysters. The survival during recovery period was lowest at 58.0% for combination of left-sac (in the left side of the gonad) and right-sac (in the right side of the gonad) and the pearl formation and perfect quality pearl rates were lowest at 20.0% and 12.7% for rright-sac, respectively. The survival rates, pearl formation and perfect quality pearl rates of host oysters were highest, with the values of 92.0%, 78.0%, 82.0% and 37.7% for the 2.5 year-old oysters. The lowest were 78.0%, 63.0%, 66.0% and 24.0% for 4.0 year-old oysters, respectively. The results suggest that the nucleus diameter size in 6.0 mm, the nucleus implantation location in left-sac of the gonad, and age of 2.5 year-old oysters can be optimum for round nucleated pearl production of Pinctada maxima.%比较了珠核规格、植核位置和贝龄对大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima Jameson)游离珍珠培育的影响。结果表明：珠核规格、植核位置和贝龄对育珠贝成活率、成珠率和优质珠率存在显著影响（P <0.05），珠核直径5.0 mm组休养成活率和育珠成活率最高（90.0%和80.0%），8.0 mm 组最低（60.3%和68.0%），珠核直径6.0 mm 组成珠率和优质珠率最高（84.0%和38.0%），8.0 mm 组最低（43.3%和12.0%）；植核位置在性腺左侧（“左袋”）的育珠贝休养成活率、成珠率和优质珠率最高（88.0%、83.4%和38.0%），性腺左、右侧同时植核的育珠贝休养成活率最低（58.0%），右侧植核的成珠率和优质珠率最低（20.0%和12.7%）；2.5龄组休养期和育珠期的成活率、成珠率和优质珠率最高（92.0%、78.0%、82.0%和37.7%），4.0龄组最低（78.0%、63.0%、66.0%和24.0%）；大珠母贝最适宜育珠条件：“左袋”植核，首次植核规格为直径6.0 mm，贝龄2.5 a。