基于栖息地指数模型的摩洛哥底拖网渔场研究

摘要

根据2012—2015年上海某远洋渔业公司的底拖网渔船收集的生产统计数据，结合卫星遥感获得的表温、叶绿素浓度和海面高度距平均值以及实地调查的水深数据，用栖息地指数方法，以几何平均模型（GMM）和算术平均模型（AMM）对摩洛哥底拖网渔场进行比较研究。结果表明，各月基于表温、海面高度距平值、叶绿素和海底水深的适应性指数不一致，各月适宜的海洋环境范围有差异。AMM模型中HSI大于0.6的作业网次占总数的65.92%，作业产量占总数的67.57%；GMM模型中HSI大于0.6的作业网次占总数的只有44.78%，作业产量占总数的49.60%。AMM模型比GMM模型更适合于摩洛哥底拖网渔场的预报。%The coastal waters of Morocco is the main fishing area of Chinese bottom trawlers. The current study investigated the fishing ground of Morocco bottom trawl fishery based on the fishing statistical data of bottom trawlers from Shanghai distant-water fishery company during 2012 to 2015 and the satellite remote sensing data such as sea surface temperature(SST),Chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) and sea surface height anomaly(SSHA)using the method of habitat suitability index including the geometric model and arithmetic average model. The monthly suitability index is established based on the relationship between fishing nets and SST,SSHA,Chl-a and sea depth, which were various among different month for appropriate scope of marine environment. Based on AMM model, the percentage of fishing nets and catch reached 65.92% and 67.57% of the total in the fishing areas in which HSI is greater than 0.6. Based on GMM model, the percentage of fishing nets and catch only reached 44.78% and 49.60%of the total in the fishing areas in which HSI is greater than 0.6. The results indicated that AMM model is more suitable for forecasting fishing ground in Moroccan bottom trawl fishery.