[目的]加深了解海水珍珠的微观结构、成因以及应用,为后期的研究提供科学依据.[方法]对我国海水珍珠的微观结构、珍珠的矿化机制以及珍珠的仿生材料进行总结归纳.[结果]珍珠的微观结构从内到外主要是珠核、无定型基质、棱柱状的方解石、片状的文石.影响珍珠生物矿化的因素有基因调控、有机基质、金属离子、官能团、反应条件等,目前研究较多的是有机基质诱导的生物矿化.基于珍珠优异的结构,一些学者开始研究类珍珠仿生材料的制备.[结论]珍珠具有良好的结构和性质,且基于珍珠优异的结构,可以制造出其他仿生复合材料,这些复合材料也具有珍珠的某些优良特性,适用于多种领域,但目前珍珠的矿化机制并不十分清楚,仍需进一步研究.%[Objective]The objective is to better understand the microstructure, origin and application of seawater pearls and provide scientific basis for future research.[Method]The microstructures, mineralization mechanism and biomimetic materials of seawater pearls were summarized.[Result]The microstructures of pearl from the inside to the outside are bead core, amorphous matrix, prismatic calcite and sheet aragonite, respectively. The factors affected the biomineralization include gene regulation, organic matrix, metal ions, functional groups, and reaction conditions. etc. Currently, most research studies are based on biomineralization induced by organic matrix. Based on the excellent structure of pearls, some researchers begin to study the preparation of biomimetic materials of pearls.[Conclusion]Pearl has excellent and consistent material characteristics. Therefore, many biomimetic composite materials have been prepared based on the excellent properties of pearls. These biomimetic materials are also suitable for various fields. However, the mineralization mechanism of pearls is not clear at present and further research is needed.
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