海归潮对国内研究生就业的影响与对策研究--以上海市为例

摘要

Employment competition between overseas returnees and graduate students trained in the country is most intense in first‐tier cities of China .A continuous tide of returnees has a great impact on the job market in Shanghai ,where in 2013 about 50 ,000 of 350 ,000 returnees found employment against around 30 ,000 newly‐employed out of the 38 ,000 graduate students trained in the city .This fierce competition puts the flow of talent out of balance .With an in‐depth analysis of the causes of the competition , suggestions are offered for improving the economic development and employment structure , supporting self‐employment ,attaching importance to overseas studies as well as domestic graduate training , and implementing a talent attraction policy .These will help solve the problems in the employment of highly‐educated people .%海归主要与国内应届毕业研究生就业产生竞争，国内一线城市是海归与国内研究生就业的主要选择。以上海为例，海归对上海市研究生就业市场有极大的冲击，2013年留学回国人员达到了35万人，到上海就业的海归人数在5万左右；上海市毕业研究生3.8万人，在沪就业人数3万人左右，海归在沪就业人数已经远超本市毕业研究生人数。海归和国内研究生就业选择的趋同使竞争愈发激烈，造成人才流动失衡。通过深入分析这一竞争态势的成因，提出改善经济发展结构和就业结构、大力支持自主创业、重视留学教育和国内研究生培养质量，加强人才优惠政策的吸引力等政策建议，有助于解决高学历人才的就业难和就业流向失衡问题。