几种 LEO 星载 GNSS 精密定轨方法的对比分析

摘要

介绍了几何法、动力法、动力平滑法、约化动力法四种常用的 LEO 星载 GNSS 精密定轨方法，对比了四种方法的异同，设计实测算例，对几种方法的应用效果进行了比较分析，结果表明：通过选用适当的观测量及数据处理方法，几何法定轨精度能够达到1 m 左右水平；大气阻力模型的不完善是动力法与动力平滑法精度受限的主要原因，若不考虑大气阻力，两者的精度仅能达到优于0.5 m 的水平，动力法精度略高，而动力平滑法则更易实现；约化动力法通过引入经验力参数，能够弥补力学模型不足的缺陷，在不考虑大气阻力的条件下，其精度相比动力法有显著提高，能够达到 cm 量级。%The four methods of geometric approach, dynamic approach, dynamic smooth approach and reduced-dy-namic approach, which are usually used in LEO space-borne GNSS precise orbit determination, are introduced. The differences of them are compared. Based on real data, the precision of them is analyzed. Based on real data, the precision of them is analyzed. The results show that the precision of geometric approach is about 1 m, and the precision of dynamic approach is better than that of dynamic smooth approach, and the precision of them are both about 0.5 m without consideration of atmospheric drag, but in the same condition, the precision of reduced-dynam-ic approach can reach the level of cm.