聚苯胺纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性能

摘要

以乙醇和水为混合溶剂,采用氧化法制备了纳米尺度的聚苯胺颗粒。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、循环伏安、恒流充放电及交流阻抗等测试手段对其结构和电化学性能进行了测试。研究了混合溶剂的比例对产物电化学性能的影响。结果表明：聚苯胺颗粒大小为50～100 nm;以制备的聚苯胺纳米颗粒为活性物质,在1 mol/L的H2SO4电解液中,当电流密度为5 mA/cm2时,PANI电极的最高比电容达到492 F/g;当乙醇的体积分数较低时,聚苯胺纳米颗粒分散性较好,具有较高的比电容;当乙醇的体积分数逐渐升高时,聚苯胺纳米颗粒的分散性变差,相应的比电容降低。%Polyaniline nanoparticles were prepared using mixture of ethanol and distilled water as solvent by a chemical-oxidative polymerization.The structure was characterized by using scanning electronic microscopy（SEM） and Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy.The electrochemical performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The relationship between volume fraction of ethanol and the capacitance of PANI nanoparticles was studied.SEM results showed that PANI nanoparticles were 50—100 nm.The electrochemical performance of polyaniline nanopaticles showed that the specific capacitance was up to 492 F/g when current density was 5 mA/cm2 in 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution.The dispersion was better and the capacitance was higher when the volume fraction ethanol was in the lower ratio.The capacitance of polyaniline nanoparticles and dispersibility decreased with the increasing of volume fraction of ethanol.