碳包覆镍纳米颗粒/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及电磁性能

摘要

以纤维素为炭前躯体，硝酸镍为金属源，采用还原炭化法制备出碳包覆Ni纳米颗粒(Ni@C)。进一步采用原位聚合法合成出Ni@C/聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料。TEM分析表明：Ni@C粒度分布均匀，呈核壳结构。采用IR光谱、SEM、XRD对复合材料和形态和结构进行分析；考察了Ni@C的含量对Ni@C/PANI复合材料电导率的影响。采用波导法在8.2~12.4 GHz波段范围对Ni@C和Ni@C/PANI复合材料进行电磁参数进行测试分析，复合材料的电损耗角正切值可达到0.65，磁损耗角正切值可达0.15，所制备Ni@C/PANI具有较高的电磁损耗角正切值，结果表明其吸波性能较好。%Carbon encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Ni@C) were successfully prepared by inducing carbonization of celluloseickel composite in flowing hygrogen, in which cellulose is used as carbon precursor and Ni(NO3)2 is used as metal source. The as­prepared Ni@C have core­shell structure with uniform size distribution characterized by TEM. The Ni@C/polyaniline (PANI) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization with different contents of Ni@C. The morphology and structure of composites were characterized by IR spectrum, SEM and XRD. Meanwhile, the effect of the content of Ni@C on the conductivity of composite was studied in detail. Furthermore, the complex permittivity and permeability of the as­prepared composites were characterized in the frequency range of 8.2−12.4 GHz by the wave­guide method on the vector network analyzer, in which the higher tangent values of electrical and magnetic loss of the Ni@C/PANI composites were 0.65 and 0.15, respectively.