胶隔热材料的制备及用于建筑行业的研究进展

摘要

Aerogel was a kind of synthetic porous material, the liquid components of which were replaced with gas.It possesses superior physical and chemical characteristics such as translucent structure, low density, low thermal conductivity and so on.Therefore, it was seen as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulating materials for construction industry.In addition, it was also widely used in the fields of aerospace, motor-dom, electronic equipment, clothing, etc.Even though the widespread use of aerogel insulating materials was still restricted by the higher cost compared to conventional insulating materials, lots of scientists are making efforts to cut the prime cost to make it popular in the worldwide.In this study, the heat insulation mechanism, preparation, characteristics and modification of aerogel insulating materials and its applications in the field of construction have been presented and the perspective of aerogel insulating materials has been looking forward to.%气凝胶是一种以气体代替凝胶中液体组分的合成多孔材料, 具有优良的物理和化学特性, 如半透明结构、低密度、低导热系数等.因此, 被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、电子设备、服装等领域, 同时也被认为是建筑领域最有发展前景的高性能隔热材料.尽管目前气凝胶隔热材料的成本仍高于传统的隔热材料, 但科学家们正在努力降低其制造成本, 使其在世界范围内得到广泛应用.主要综述了气凝胶隔热材料用于建筑行业的研究进展, 包括介绍了气凝胶隔热材料的隔热机理、制备方法、特性和改性以及在建筑行业的应用, 并对气凝胶隔热材料进行了展望.