负载型纳米NiO催化高氯酸铵热分解的DSC/TG-MS研究

摘要

采用浸渍法制备出纳米NiO/MgO,运用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线能谱仪(EDS)等对产物的物相和组成进行了表征,利用DSC/TGMS研究了纳米NiO/MgO对高氯酸按(AP)热分解的催化作用.结果表明,在纳米NiO/Mgo的催化作用下,AP的热分解高温分解峰温度降低92.2℃,表观分解热增加0.376kj/g,分解气相产物主要有NH3,H2O,O2,N2O,NO及含氯物质.纳米Mgo的载体支撑作用,可防止NiO纳米粒子的团聚,增加反应活性中心.同时在金属氧化物表面吸附生成超氧化离子(02-)和氧离子(0-,O2-)能加速AP分解反应.%The nanometer NiO/MgO composite particles were prepared via impregnation method. The phase and morphology of NiO/MgO composite particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The catalytic effect of the nanometer NiO/MgO composite particles for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by DSC and TG-MS. The results show that the nanometer NiO/MgO composite particles have effective catalysis on the thermal decomposition of AP, which can make high-temperature decomposition peak value of AP decrease by 92.2℃ and apparent decomposition heat increase by 0. 376kJ/g. The main gaseous products of thermal decomposition of AP were NH3, H2O, O2, N2O, NO and several chloride gas. The supporting effect of the nanometer MgO can effectively prevent the aggregation of NiO particles and increase the active sites. In the meanwhile, superoxide ion(O2 -)and oxygenic ion(O , O2 ) on the surface of nanometer metal oxide can accelerate thermal decomposition of AP.